Management, Body Systems, and Case Studies in COVID-19

Preface I. Introductory chapters and setting the scene 1. Hand hygiene strategies 2. Approved vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic: linking in future perspectives 3. RT-PCR methods for SARS-CoV-2 variants II. Management 4. Systematic Patient assessment for Acute Respiratory Tract Ailments (SPARTA): A simple tool to improve outcomes from COVID-19 5. Point of Care Ultrasound: for COVID-19: The Multi-organ Approach to COVID-19 6. COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: features and guidelines 7. Management of COVID-19 and clinical nutrition 8. The management of head and neck cancer patients in COVID-19 9. The COVID-19 pandemic: inventory management and allocation of personal protective equipment (PPE) 10. Clinical management in the COVID-19 pandemic: rheumatic disease 11. Managing migraine in the COVID-19 pandemic 12. Perioperative management of patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy for ischemic stroke during COVID pandemic 13. COVID-19 and the management of blood pressure in outpatients 14. Neurosurgical trauma management during COVID-19 restrictions 15. The COVID-19 pandemic and management of weight gain: implications for obesity 16. COVID-19 and the management of heart failure using telemedicine III. Guidelines for different treatment clinics 17. Guidelines for breast imaging in the COVID-19 pandemic 18. Vaccine-induced (immune) thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT): Diagnosis, guidelines and reporting 19. Guidelines on surgical management in the COVID-19 pandemic 20. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)/Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS): clinical guidelines. IV. Impact on the respiratory system 21. Ground-glass nodules in the lung of COVID-19 patients 22. Cardiothoracic imaging in COVID-19 patients 23. Cystic fibrosis and bronchial epithelial cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection 24. Biomechanics and mechanobiology of the lung parenchyma following SARS-CoV-2 infection 25. Long noncoding RNA profiling in respiratory specimens from COVID-19 patients 26. COVID-19 and acute pulmonary embolism 27. The usefulness of alveolar-arteriolar gradient during COVID-19 pandemic V. Effects on cardiovascular and haematological systems 28. Cardiac effects of COVID-19 an overview 29. Limb ischemia and COVID-19 30. Thrombosis and coagulopathy in COVID-19: a new narrative 31. COVID-19 myocarditis: features of echocardiography 32. COVID-19 lockdown and impact on arrhythmias 33. Cardiometabolic disease and COVID-19: A new narrative 34. Post recovery COVID-19 and interlinking diabetes and cardiovascular events 35. COVID-19 patients and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 36. Hematological aspects of SARS- COV- 2 infection VI. Effects on body systems 37. Dermatological reactions associated with personal protective equipment (PPE) use during the COVID-19 pandemic 38. Hemodialysis patients, effects of infections by SARS-CoV-2 and vaccines’ response 39. Co-infections with COVID-19: a focus on tuberculosis (TB) 40. Patients with autoimmune liver disease and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection 41. COVID-19 severity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 42. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on severity of obesity 43. The diabetic patient and concomitant conditions rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis and COVID-19 44. Tissue location of SARS-CoV-2 RNA: a focus on bone and implications for skeletal health 45. Linking gastrointestinal tract effects of COVID-19 and tryptophan metabolism 46. Organ damage in SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: a focus on acute kidney injury 47. Obesity, COVID-19 severity and mortality 48. Upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms and complications among COVID-19 patients 49. The COVID-19 Survivors: impact on skeletal muscle strength VII. Case studies with mini review 50. CASE STUDY: COVID-19-and meningoencephalitis 51. CASE STUDY: Oral mucosal lesions in COVID-19 52. CASE STUDY: COVID-19 Pneumonia 53. CASE STUDY: Optic neuritis in SARS-CoV-2 infection VIII. Resources 54. Recommended Resources Relevant to the Body Systems Involvement and Management of COVID-19

Dr Rajkumar Rajendram is a clinician scientist with a focus on internal medicine, anaesthesia, intensive care and peri-operative medicine. He graduated with distinctions from Guy’s, King’s and St. Thomas Medical School, King’s College London in 2001. As an undergraduate he was awarded several prizes, merits and distinctions in pre-clinical and clinical subjects.

Dr Rajendram began his post-graduate medical training in general medicine and intensive care in Oxford. He attained membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) in 2004 and completed specialist training in acute and general medicine in Oxford in 2010. Dr Rajendram subsequently practiced as a Consultant in Acute General Medicine at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford.

Dr Rajendram also trained in anaesthesia and intensive care in London and was awarded a fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (FRCA) in 2009. He completed advanced training in regional anaesthesia and intensive care. He was awarded a fellowship of the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM) in 2013 and obtained the European diploma of intensive care medicine (EDIC) in 2014. He then moved to the Royal Free London Hospitals as a Consultant in Intensive Care, Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine. He has been a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCP Edin) and the Royal College of Physicians of London (FRCP Lond) since 2017 and 2019 respectively. He is currently a Consultant in Internal Medicine at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Dr Rajendram’s focus on improving outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has involved research on point of care ultrasound and phenotypes of COVID-19. Dr Rajendram also recognises that nutritional support is a fundamental aspect of medical care. This is particularly important for patients with COVID-19. As a clinician scientist he has therefore devoted significant time and effort into nutritional

• Discusses the management of multisystem symptomatology, including neurological, hematological, hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems
• Outlines several neurological conditions, including brain embolism, brain cancer, meningoencephalitis, and smell and taste disorders
• Features individual chapter introductions, summaries, and a section on case studies to provide a comprehensive introduction to the topic
• Describes guidelines for clinics providing neurological care for COVID-19 patients