Handbook of Automated Scoring Theory into Practice Chapman & Hall/CRC Statistics in the Social and Behavioral Sciences Series

"Automated scoring engines [?] require a careful balancing of the contributions of technology, NLP, psychometrics, artificial intelligence, and the learning sciences. The present handbook is evidence that the theories, methodologies, and underlying technology that surround automated scoring have reached maturity, and that there is a growing acceptance of these technologies among experts and the public."

From the Foreword by Alina von Davier, ACTNext Senior Vice President

Handbook of Automated Scoring: Theory into Practice provides a scientifically grounded overview of the key research efforts required to move automated scoring systems into operational practice. It examines the field of automated scoring from the viewpoint of related scientific fields serving as its foundation, the latest developments of computational methodologies utilized in automated scoring, and several large-scale real-world applications of automated scoring for complex learning and assessment systems. The book is organized into three parts that cover (1) theoretical foundations, (2) operational methodologies, and (3) practical illustrations, each with a commentary. In addition, the handbook includes an introduction and synthesis chapter as well as a cross-chapter glossary.

Contents

Foreword..................................................................................................................xi

1 The Past, Present, and Future of Automated Scoring..............................1

Peter W. Foltz, Duanli Yan, and André A. Rupp

Part I: Theoretical Foundations

2 Cognitive Foundations of Automated Scoring........................................ 13

Malcolm I. Bauer and Diego Zapata-Rivera

3 Assessment Design with Automated Scoring in Mind.........................29

Kristen DiCerbo, Emily Lai, and Matthew Ventura

4 Human Scoring with Automated Scoring in Mind................................49

Edward W. Wolfe

5 Natural Language Processing for Writing and Speaking..................... 69

Aoife Cahill and Keelan Evanini

6 Multimodal Analytics for Automated Assessment................................93

Sidney K. D’Mello

7 International Applications of Automated Essay Scoring.................... 113

Mark D. Shermis

8 Public Perception and Communication around Automated

Essay Scoring................................................................................................ 133

Scott W. Wood

9 An Evidentiary-Reasoning Perspective on Automated Scoring:

Commentary on Part I................................................................................ 151

Robert J. Mislevy

Part II: Operational Methodologies

10 Operational Human Scoring at Scale...................................................... 171

Kathryn L. Ricker-Pedley, Susan Hines, and Carolyn Connelly

11 System Architecture Design for Scoring and Delivery....................... 195

Sue Lottridge and Nick Hoefer

12 Design and Implementation for Automated

Scoring Systems........................................................................................... 217

Christina Schneider and Michelle Boyer

13 Quality Control for Automated Scoring in Large-Scale

Assessment.................................................................................................... 241

Dan Shaw, Brad Bolender, and Rick Meisner

14 A Seamless Integration of Human and Automated Scoring..............263

Kyle Habermehl, Aditya Nagarajan, and Scott Dooley

15 Deep Learning Networks for Automated Scoring Applications.......283

Saad M. Khan and Yuchi Huang

16 Validation of Automated Scoring Systems............................................ 297

Duanli Yan and Brent Bridgeman

17 Operational Considerations for Automated Scoring Systems:

Commentary on Part II............................................................................... 319

David M. Williamson

Part III: Practical Illustrations

18 Expanding Automated Writing Evaluation............................................ 329

Jill Burstein, Brian Riordan, and Daniel McCaffrey

19 Automated Writing Process Analysis.....................................................347

Paul Deane and Mo Zhang

20 Automated Scoring of Extended Spontaneous Speech.......................365

Klaus Zechner and Anastassia Loukina

21 Conversation-Based Learning and Assessment Environments.........383

Arthur C. Graesser, Xiangen Hu, Vasile Rus, and Zhiqiang Cai

22 Automated Scoring in Intelligent Tutoring Systems...........................403

Robert J. Mislevy, Duanli Yan, Janice Gobert, and Michael Sao Pedro

23 Scoring of Streaming Data in Game-Based Assessments...................423

Russell G. Almond

24 Automated Scoring in Medical Licensing..............................................445

Melissa J. Margolis and Brian E. Clauser

25 At the Birth of the Future: Commentary on Part III............................. 469

John T. Behrens

26 Theory into Practice: Reflections on the Handbook............................. 475

Andre A. Rupp, Peter W. Foltz, and Duanli Yan

Glossary................................................................................................................489

References............................................................................................................ 501

Index......................................................................................................................553

Duanli Yan is Director of Data Analysis and Computational Research in the Psychometrics, Statistics, and Data Sciences area at the Educational Testing Service (ETS), and Adjunct Professor at Fordham University and Rutgers University. She is a co-author of Bayesian Networks in Educational Assessment and Computerized Adaptive and Multistage Testing with R, editor for Practical Issues and Solutions for Computerized Multistage Testing, and co-editor for Computerized Multistage Testing: Theory and Applications. Her awards include the 2016 AERA Division D Significant Contribution to Educational Measurement and Research Methodology Award.

André A. Rupp is Research Director in the Psychometrics, Statistics, and Data Sciences area at the Educational Testing Service (ETS). He is co-author and co-editor of two award-winning interdisciplinary books titled Diagnostic Measurement: Theory, Methods, and Applications and TheHandbook of Cognition and Assessment: Frameworks, Methodologies, and Applications. His synthesis- and framework-oriented research has appeared in a wide variety of prestigious peer-reviewed journals. He currently serves as the lead developer of the ITEMS professional development portal for NCME.

Peter W. Foltz is Vice President in Pearson's AI and Products Solutions Organization and Research Professor at the University of Colorado’s Institute of Cognitive Science. His work covers machine learning and natural language processing for educational and clinical assessments, discourse processing, reading comprehension and writing skills, 21st-century skills learning, and large-scale data analytics. He has authored more than 150 journal articles, book chapters, and conference papers, as well as multiple patents.