Marine outfall construction : background techniques and case studies

The use of marine outfalls to carry treated wastewater from land to sea is important for coastal municipalities and industries. Outfall projects present complex environmental, engineering, and construction challenges. Until now, however, very little practical information has been available to guide engineers, government officials, contractors, industries, and communities. Marine Outfall Construction: Background, Techniques, and Case Studies contains practical guidance, detailed case studies, and more than 700 references. The author explains why an outfall is the disposal method of choice. Grace uses his extensive offshore experience to describe the particular challenges that accompany a construction project at sea. He examines techniques for installing a pipeline underwater, including trestles, bottom-pull, horizontal directional drilling, crane barges, and robotics. Grace outlines specific obstacles to successful outfall construction, such as difficult sites and deep water locations, and he examines unique outfalls, along with those that turned out to be difficult or impossible to install. Appendixes include an annotated list of the major features of 400 global outfall projects, a technical summary of applicable wave-related concepts, and a discussion of immersed tubes.