Manual of Endocrine Surgery (2^nd Ed., 2nd ed. 1984) Comprehensive Manuals of Surgical Specialties Series

Introduction Anthony J. Edis, Richard H. Egdahl, Tracy K. Mcintosh, Contents Lester F. Williams xi 1 Surgery of the Parathyroids General Introduction 1 SURGICAL ANATOMY Primary Hyperparathyroidism 7 PATHOLOGY 7 DIAGNOSIS 11 PREOPERATIVE LOCALIZATION STUDIES 22 TREATMENT 27 Secondary Hyperparathyroidism 35 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, COMPLICATIONS 35 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT 36 Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism 37 Operative Technique 38 CERVICAL EXPLORATION WITH REMOVAL OF A PARATHYROID ADENOMA 46 SUBTOTAL PARATHYROIDECTOMY FOR HYPERPLASIA 59 PARATHYROIDECTOMY FOR CARCINOMA 60 MEDIASTINAL EXPLORATION FOR PARATHYROID TUMOR 61 References 66 2 Surgery of the Thyroid 71 General Introduction 71 SURGICAL ANATOMY 72 Nodular Goiter and Thyroid Carcinoma 79 PATHOLOGY 79 DIAGNOSIS 82 TREATMENT OF THYROID NODULES 94 TREATMENT OF THYROID CANCER RELATED TO PATHOLOGIC TYPE 97 Hyperthyroidism 110 Graves' Disease 111 PATHOLOGY 111 DIAGNOSIS 112 TREATMENT 115 Plummer's Disease 120 PATHOLOGY 120 DIAGNOSIS 120 TREATMENT 122 Complications of Thyroid Surgery 123 PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT 123 viii CONTENTS 127 Operative Techniques TOTAL THYROID LOBECTOMY 127 REMOVAL OF A SUBSTERNAL GOITER 134 SUBTOTAL THYROID LOBECTOMY 136 MODIFIED NECK DISSECTION FOR PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA 141 References 144 3 Surgery of the Adrenals 151 151 General Introduction SURGICAL ANATOMY 152 Pheochromocytoma 155 PATHOLOGY 155 156 DIAGNOSIS PREOPERATIVE 162 TREATMENT 166 172 Primary Aldosteronism PATHOLOGY 172 DIAGNOSIS 174 178 PREOPERATIVE LOCALIZATION STUDIES TREATMENT 180 Cushing's Syndrome 181 CLASSIFICATION 182 DIAGNOSIS 187 PREOPERATIVE LOCALIZATION STUDIES 192 TREATMENT 194 Adrenal Gland and Metastatic Breast Carcinoma 198 Adrenocortical Carcinoma 200 DIAGNOSIS 201 PREOPERATIVE LOCALIZATION STUDIES AND STAGING 201 TREATMENT 202 PROGNOSIS 203 Nonfunctioning Adrenal Tumors 203

1 Surgery of the Parathyroids.- General Introduction.- Surgical Anatomy.- Primary Hyperparathyroidism.- Pathology.- Diagnosis.- Preoperative Localization Studies.- Treatment.- Secondary Hyperparathyroidism.- Signs, Symptoms, Complications.- Clinical Management.- Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism.- Operative Technique.- Cervical Exploration with Removal of a Parathyroid Adenoma.- Subtotal Parathyroidectomy for Hyperplasia.- Parathyroidectomy for Carcinoma.- Mediastinal Exploration for Parathyroid Tumor.- References.- 2 Surgery of the Thyroid.- General Introduction.- Surgical Anatomy.- Nodular Goiter and Thyroid Carcinoma.- Pathology.- Diagnosis.- Treatment of Thyroid Nodules.- Treatment of Thyroid Cancer Related to Pathologic Type.- Hyperthyroidism.- Graves’ Disease.- Pathology.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Plummer’s Disease.- Pathology.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Complications of Thyroid Surgery.- Prevention and Management.- Operative Techniques.- Total Thyroid Lobectomy.- Remocal of a Substernal Goiter.- Subtotal Thyroid Lobectomy.- Modified Neck Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.- References.- 3 Surgery of the Adrenals.- General Introduction.- Surgical Anatomy.- Pheochromocytoma.- Pathology.- Diagnosis.- Preoperative.- Treatment.- Primary Aldosteronism.- Pathology.- Diagnosis.- Preoperative Localization Studies.- Treatment.- Cushing’s Syndrome.- Classification.- Diagnosis.- Preoperative Localization Studies.- Treatment.- Adrenal Gland and Metastatic Breast Carcinoma.- Adrenocortical Carcinoma.- Diagnosis.- Preoperative Localization Studies and Staging.- Treatment.- Prognosis.- Nonfunctioning Adrenal Tumors.- Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (Adrenogenital Syndrome).- Operative Technique.- Posterior Approach to Adrenalectomy.- Anterior Approach to Adrenalectomy for Pheochromocytoma.- Thoracoabdominal Approach for Resection of Right Adrenal Carcinoma.- References.- 4 Surgery of the Endocrine Pancreas.- General Introduction.- Surgical Anatomy.- Insulinoma.- Pathology.- Diagnosis.- Preoperative Localization Studies.- Treatment.- Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.- Pathology.- Diagnosis.- Preoperative Localization Studies.- Treatment.- WHDA Syndrome (Vipoma).- Pathology.- Diagnosis.- Preoperative Localization Studies.- Treatment.- Glucagonoma.- Pathology.- Diagnosis.- Preoperative Localization Studies.- Treatment.- Prognosis.- Somatostatinoma.- Operative Technique.- Surgical Approach to Insulinoma.- Total Gastrectomy for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.- References.