Applications of Cryogenic Technology, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1991 Applications of Cryogenic Technology Series, Vol. 10

Applications of Cryogenic Technology, Vol. 10, is the proceedings from the portion of the conference CRYO-90 sponsored by the Cryogenic Society of America (CSA). CRYO-90, held on the campus of the State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, was an unusual interdisciplinary event, drawing from the life sciences as well as the physical science and engineering areas of the low temperature community. Co-sponsoring CRYO-90 with CSA were the Society for Cryobiology and the Symposium on Invertebrate and Plant Cold Hardiness. These latter two organizations brought an exciting developing field to the conference, a field whose exploration will lead to the betterment of all mankind through improved cryosurgical and organ preservation techniques in addition to improved agricultural and herd yields under extreme conditions. Specific goals of the cryobiological community are cryopreservation, the arrest and recovery of living processes of cells, tissues and organs; and cryosurgery - the local cryodestruction of diseased cells while preserving the healthy surrounding tissue. These goals present great technological challenges. The technological requirements of the cryobiologist include the ability to cool tissues 6 at rates of 10 degrees per second (vitrification), to thaw frozen tissue without damaging the delicate cells, to freeze dry tissue using molecular distillation (vacuum) drying, to supercool cell structures below O°C without freezing, and to successfully store the preserved tissues and organs for any required length of time.

Small Scale Refrigeration and Liquefaction Systems.- Progress in Cryocot lers.- Linear Drive Stirling Cooler Technology (Invited).- Cooling of GeZn Detectors by Commercially Available Closed-Cycle Cryogenic Refrigerators.- Magnetic Refrigeration: A Large Cooling Power Cryogenic Refrigeration Technology.- 1 KW Capacity Refrigeration System at 80 K (LINIT-R1).- Cryogenic Instrumentation.- Cryogenic Thermometry — An Overview.- Monitoring Rapidly Changing Temperatures of the Oscillating Working Fluid in a Regenerative Refrigerator.- Performance Characteristics of Silicon Diode Cryogenic Temperature Sensors.- Thermally-Coupled Cryogenic Pressure Sensing.- Cryogenic Cooling of Biological Samples for Electron and Optical Microscopy.- Plenary Lectures.- Technology Commercialization: Opportunities and Challenges (Invited).- Cryogenic Heat Transfer: A Survey of Recent Developments (Invited).- Short and Long Term Storage Systems.- The Universe of Cryogenic Storage — From Helium II to CO2 (Invited).- Cryogenic Liquid Cylinder Development.- Composites for Cryogenics.- Development of 3-D Composites.- Cryogenics in the Medical Field.- Cryobiology — Two Sides of the Same Coin ? (Invited).- Vitrification Capability of Metal Mirror Ultra-Rapid Cooling Apparatus: A Theoretical Evaluation.- Microfractures in Cryopreserved Heart Valves: Valve Submersion in Liquid Nitrogen Revisited.- An Estimation of Thermal Stress Induced by the Freezing Process for Biological Cell Preservation.- Role of Membrane Phospholipids in Nonfreezing Cold Injury.- Some Cryosurgery-Related Heat Transfer Problems.- General Session.- Cryobench — Apparatus for Testing CEBAF Cryogenic Subcomponents.- CEBAF Cryounit Loss of Vacuum Experiment.- Novel Approaches for Attaining High Accelerating Fields inSuperconducting Cavities.- Author Index.