Handbook of Agricultural Biotechnology, Volume 1 Nanopesticides Handbook of Agricultural Bionanobiotechnology Series

The book provides detailed information on the application of nanopesticides for the management of numerous agricultural pests and pathogens, as well as to foster an innovative pathway toward future sustainable agriculture and food systems.

Biopesticides have been identified as a sustainable and permanent replacement to synthetic chemicals. Their application will go a long way toward preventing major challenges that confront sustainable agriculture, the actualization of global food production and food security, helping to feed an ever-increasing population that is predicted to increase to nine billion by 2050. An interdisciplinary collaboration among policymakers, private sector, researchers, civil society, farmers, consumers, and environmentalists will foster an innovative pathway toward future sustainable agriculture and food systems that could ensure resilience, food security, and a healthy environment.

The book explains the application of some nanobiopesticides as ovicides that could kill eggs of insects and mites, as well as slimicides that could destroy slime-producing microorganisms, such as algae, bacteria, fungi, and slime molds. Other highlights include: a discussion on the application of nanobiopesticides for the rejuvenation of heavily contaminated environments (as well as their role in the mitigation of several abiotic stress); a demonstration of how nanobiopesticides derived from plants could be applied for effective management of pests and diseases in animal husbandry and fishery; and a collection of relevant information on patents, the commercialization of relevant plant-derived nanobiopesticides, and their social economic and industrial relevance.

Audience

The book is a useful resource for a diverse audience, including industrialists, food industry professionals, agriculturists, agricultural microbiologists, plant pathologists, botanists, microbiologists, biotechnologists, nanotechnologists, microbial biotechnologists, farmers, policymakers, and extension workers.

Preface xv

1 Application Nanobiopesticides Derived From Plants 1
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and Abel Inobeme

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Concept of Biopesticides 3

1.3 Uniqueness of Nanobiopesticides 3

1.4 In Vitro Nanobiopesticides Assay 4

1.5 In Vivo Treatment with Nanobiofungicides 4

1.6 Conclusion 4

2 Application of Plant-Based Nanobiopesticides That Could Be Applied as Fumigants 7
Kehinde Abraham Odelade, Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Oluwakemi Semiloore Omowumi, Nafisat Adeola Moshood, Dorcas Anuoluwapo Adeleke, Grace Onuwabhagbe Odine and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji

2.1 Introduction 8

2.2 Types of Biopesticides 10

2.3 Nanobiopesticides 15

2.4 Synthesis of Nanobiopesticides 16

2.5 Different Methods Used in the Synthesis of Nanobiopesticides 18

2.6 Possible Nanostructures 19

2.7 Mechanisms of Nanobiopesticides 20

2.8 Possible Action of Nanobiopesticide 22

2.9 Application of Plant-Based Nanobiopesticide 25

2.10 Environmental Sustainability of Nanobiopesticides 29

2.11 Conclusion 30

3 Application of Plant-Based Nanobiopesticides as Biocides 37
Kehinde Abraham Odelade, Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Goodness Oluchukwu Jonah, Oluwaseun Dorcas Opayinka, Divine Uwanna Okonimeh, Joanna Success Mishael, Funmilayo Peace Adebayo, Oluwakemi Semiloore Omowumi and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji

3.1 Introduction 38

3.2 Nanotechnology and Its Application 39

3.3 Nanotechnology and Biopesticides 41

3.4 Various Benefits of Biopesticides 42

3.5 Different Kinds and Applications of Biopesticides 43

3.6 Utilization of Nanotechnology in Agricultural Systems 46

3.7 Nanobiopesticides 47

3.8 Strategies Used in the Production of Nanomaterials on the Basis of CRFs for the Application of Biocides 51

3.9 Impacts of Nanobiopesticides 53

3.10 Conclusion 54

4 Application of Plant-Based Nanobiopesticides as Disinfectant 63
Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Peace Abiodun Olajide, Oluwakemi Semiloore Omowumi and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji

4.1 Introduction 64

4.2 The Need for Biopesticides Worldwide 67

4.3 Structures for Possible Nanobiopesticides 70

4.4 Plant Interactions Between NPs 71

4.5 Systemic Method for NMs Selectivity: Uptake and Interaction Based on Physicochemical Properties 71

4.6 NP Uptake Dependent on Size 71

4.7 Surface Charge-Related NP Uptake 73

4.8 Differences in Anatomy and Application-Related NP Uptake 73

4.9 The Plants' Physiochemical Reaction to NPs and the Effects on Plant Growth and Seed Germination 74

4.10 Modern NPs for Plant Protection Advances 76

4.11 NPs Reduce Abiotic Stress Reaction 76

4.12 NPs of Cerium (CeO NPs) 77

4.13 NPs of Silicon (Si NPs) 78

4.14 NPs of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2 NPs) 79

4.15 Nanopesticides 80

4.16 Nanoemulsions 83

4.17 Polymer Nanopesticides 83

4.18 Nanopesticides as Solid NPs 83

4.19 Nanoherbicides 84

4.20 Nanofungicides 84

4.21 Nanofertilizers 85

4.22 Nanofertilizer Uptake, Translocation, and Action: Molecular Mechanism 86

4.23 System for Sensing with NPs 87

4.24 Pesticide Residue Detection Using NP-Based Biosensor 88

4.25 NPs for Detecting Plant Pathogens 89

4.26 Smart Plant Sensing System Based on NP 90

4.27 NPs for Managing the Postharvest Waste in Agriculture 92

4.28 Application of NP Risk and Health Hazards in Agriculture: Toxicological Impact 92

4.29 Required Qualifications for Selection as Nanobiopesticides 97

4.30 Reasons for Research 97

4.31 Important Considerations for Nanobiopesticides 97

4.32 Outlook for the Future 98

4.33 Conclusion 99

5 Application of Plant-Based Nanobiopesticides as Sanitizers 131
Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Oluwakemi Semiloore Omowumi, Peace Abiodun Olajide and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji

5.1 Introduction 131

5.2 Nanotechnology and Nanoscience 133

5.3 Demand for Biopesticides Worldwide 135

5.4 Biopesticides in Light of Nanoparticles 141

5.5 Methods for Synthesis of Nanobiopesticides 144

5.6 Potential Human Health Issues 147

5.7 Morality and Potential Hazards 147

5.8 Sanitizers 148

5.9 Cleaning Strategies 149

5.10 Application of Plant-Based Nanobiopesticides as Sanitizers 157

5.11 Conclusion 158

6 Application of Plant-Based Nanobiopesticides Slimicides Against Slime-Producing Microorganisms 171
Ojo, S.K.S., Ayo, I.O., Otugboyega, J.O., Oluwole, B.R. and Ojo, A.M.

6.1 Introduction 172

6.2 Biopesticides 173

6.3 Nanobiopesticides 177

6.4 Application of Nanobiopesticides 181

6.5 Conclusion 185

7 Application of Plant-Based Nanobiopesticides That Could Be Applied for the Rejuvenation of Heavily Contaminated Environments 193
Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Peace Abiodun Olajide and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji

7.1 Introduction 194

7.2 Nanopesticides: State-of-the-Art 196

7.3 Nanobiopesticide 198

7.4 In Vitro Nanobiopesticides Bioassay 202

7.5 In Vivo Nanobiopesticide Application 203

7.6 Fate of Nanopesticides 205

7.7 Current Methods of Reducing Soil Pollution Through Biomimicry 207

7.8 Toxicology, a Barrier for Nanopesticides 212

7.9 Environmental Repercussions 213

7.10 Second-Generation Nanobiopesticides 214

7.11 Conclusion 214

8 Application of Plant-Based Nanobiopesticides for Effective Management of Pests and Diseases in Animal Husbandry 229
Etta, Hannah Edim

8.1 Introduction 230

8.2 Common Pests in Animal Husbandry 231

8.3 Plant-Based Nanobiopesticides 232

8.4 Method of Application 235

8.5 Effects of Nanobiopesticides 235

8.6 Conclusion 237

9 Application of Plant-Based Nanobiopesticides for Mitigation of Several Biotic Stress 239
Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji

9.1 Introduction 240

9.2 Systemic Resistance Can Be Caused by Physiological Stress 241

9.3 Pathways for Multiple Stress Response Modulation 244

9.4 Species of Reactive Oxygen 244

9.5 Biopesticides 250

9.6 Microbial Biopesticides 256

9.7 Alleviation of Biotic Stress 259

9.8 Consideration and Forecasting 262

10 The Influence of Nanopesticides on the Social Economy, Its Bioeconomy Perspectives in Attaining Sustainable Development Goals 279
Abere Benjamin Olusola and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji

10.1 Introduction 280

10.2 Literature Review 281

10.3 Nanopesticides Categories 283

10.4 Formulations of Nanopesticides 283

10.5 Biopesticides 285

10.6 Conclusion 287

11 Application of Nanotechnology for the Production of Biopesticides, Bioinsecticides, Bioherbicides, Mosquitoe Repellants and Biofungicides 293
Olorunsola Adeyomoye, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olugbemi T. Olaniyan, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Olalekan Akinbo, Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Abel Inobeme, John Tsado Mathew and Shakirat Oloruntoyin Ajenifujah-Solebo

11.1 Introduction 294

11.2 Nanotechnology 295

11.3 Formulation and Delivery of Biopesticides Using Nanotechnology 298

11.4 Application of Nanotechnology for Bioinsecticide Production 299

11.5 Application of Nanotechnology for Bioherbicide Production 300

11.6 Nanobiotechnology as an Emerging Approach to Combat Malaria 301

11.7 Application of Nanotechnology for Biofungicide Production 302

11.8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 303

12 Relevance of Nanomaterials Derived From Medicinal Plants for Marine and Terrestrial Environments: Recent Advances 311
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olalekan Akinbo, John Tsado Mathew, Chukwuebuka Egbuna, Abel Inobeme, Olotu Titilayo, Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Wadazani Dauda, Shakira Ghazanfar, Frank Abimbola Ogundolie, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Shakirat Oloruntoyin Ajenifujah-Solebo and Abdullahi Tunde Aborode

12.1 Introduction 312

12.2 Modes of Action of Nanodrugs Synthesized Using Genetically Engineered Metabolite 313

12.3 Nanodrugs Synthesized Using Genetically Engineered Metabolites From Plant 316

12.4 Nanoparticles Derived From Medicinal Plants Terrestrial Environment 319

13 Biological Activities of Nanomaterials From Biogenic Source for the Treatment of Diseases and Its Role in Regenerative and Tissue Engineering 327
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan, Chukwuebuka Egbuna, Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Wadazani Dauda, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Shakira Ghazanfar, Frank Abimbola Ogundolie, John Tsado Mathew, Abel Inobeme, Olotu Titilayo, Abdullahi Tunde Aborode, Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Shakirat Oloruntoyin Ajenifujah-Solebo and Olalekan Akinbo

13.1 Introduction 328

13.2 General Overview 330

13.3 Application of Nanotechnology in Tissue and Stem Cell Engineering 333

13.4 Biochemical and Specific Modes of Action Involved in the Application of Nanodrugs for the Management of Diseases 336

13.5 Conclusion 340

14 Application of Plant-Based Nanobiopesticides for Mitigation of Several Abiotic Stress 347
Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi and Oluwakemi Semiloore Omowumi

14.1 Introduction 347

14.2 Stress Speculations 349

14.3 Stress Patterns 350

14.4 Natural Stress 352

14.5 Organic Stress 352

14.6 Natural Stress 353

14.7 Thermodynamic Pressure 353

14.8 Stress on Heavy Metals 356

14.9 Plant Response to Abiotic Stress 356

14.10 Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms 358

14.11 Biotechnical Techniques to Reduce Plant Abiotic Stress 364

14.12 An Approach for Future Applications of Nanomaterials in Combating Plant Stress 372

14.13 Nanobiopesticides 376

14.14 Conclusion 379

References 379

Index 401

Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology at the Edo University Iyamho, in Edo State, Nigeria. Currently, he is the Director of Intellectual Properties and Technology Transfer and Chairman of the Committee on Research Grants at EUI. He has won several scientific awards and grants from renowned academic bodies such as the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India. He has published more than 600 papers in peer-reviewed national and international journals as well as more than 50 books, 340 book chapters, and many scientific patents.

Julius Kola Oloke, PhD, is a Professor and Vice Chancellor in the Department of Pure and Applied Biology at the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. He has a PhD in microbiology from Obafemi Awolowo University in 1989. Professor Oloke was conferred with the National Productivity Order of Merit Award by the Federal Government of Nigeria in August 2012, for his work on formulating an immune modulating agent known as Trinity Immuno-booster (Trino IB) which has been used in many countries.